Descriptive statistics
Last updated 2023-08-11
Participants (N = 975; 48.92% female) were, on average, 37.14 years old (SD = 14.51, minimum = 18, maximum = 84; see Figure 1A for the full distribution). A majority (66.67%) of participants identified as White only, and 10.36% identify as Black only; Figure 1B shows the other response options and frequencies. See Figure 1C for the distribution of education, and 1D for the distribution of household income.
Figure 1: Distributions of key demographics across the entire sample
0.1 Time
How much time elapsed between assessments?
data = data %>%
mutate(difference = as.numeric(start_date2-start_date))
summary(data$difference)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 11.84 11.93 11.99 12.43 12.23 39.36 92How long did it take participants to complete the Time 1 survey?
summary(data$duration_in_seconds/60)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 4.833 8.633 10.683 12.500 14.092 54.383How long did it take participants to complete the Time 2 survey?
summary(data$duration_in_seconds2/60)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 1.367 2.467 3.217 4.317 4.658 34.633 920.2 Personality by block and format
See Table 1 for the descriptive statistics of each format by block.
| Block | Format | M | SD | Median | N (responses) | N (participants) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adjective Only | 4.40 | 1.39 | 5 | 9196 | 242 |
| 1 | Am Adjective | 4.40 | 1.39 | 5 | 9082 | 239 |
| 1 | Tend to be Adjective | 4.29 | 1.39 | 5 | 9424 | 248 |
| 1 | Am someone who tends to be Adjective | 4.34 | 1.41 | 5 | 9348 | 246 |
| 2 | Adjective Only | 4.37 | 1.39 | 5 | 9271 | 975 |
| 2 | Am Adjective | 4.39 | 1.41 | 5 | 9262 | 975 |
| 2 | Tend to be Adjective | 4.38 | 1.41 | 5 | 9252 | 975 |
| 2 | Am someone who tends to be Adjective | 4.35 | 1.44 | 5 | 9265 | 975 |
| 3 | Adjective Only | 4.42 | 1.38 | 5 | 8360 | 220 |
| 3 | Am Adjective | 4.44 | 1.39 | 5 | 8246 | 217 |
| 3 | Tend to be Adjective | 4.29 | 1.42 | 5 | 8398 | 221 |
| 3 | Am someone who tends to be Adjective | 4.33 | 1.39 | 5 | 8550 | 225 |
See Table 2 for the descriptive statistics of each item and format in Block 1 (Time 1).
| item | Adjective Only | Am Adjective | Tend to be Adjective | Am someone who tends to be Adjective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| active | 4.21 (1.24) | 4.20 (1.23) | 4.00 (1.29) | 4.04 (1.30) |
| adventurous | 4.15 (1.40) | 4.01 (1.30) | 3.94 (1.33) | 4.09 (1.29) |
| broadminded | 4.73 (1.05) | 4.67 (1.10) | 4.69 (1.02) | 4.62 (1.11) |
| calm | 4.60 (1.18) | 4.49 (1.23) | 4.46 (1.13) | 4.44 (1.23) |
| careless | 4.62 (1.29) | 4.66 (1.26) | 4.46 (1.33) | 4.64 (1.22) |
| caring | 4.99 (0.96) | 5.08 (0.92) | 4.85 (1.01) | 4.94 (1.05) |
| cautious | 4.64 (1.02) | 4.62 (1.11) | 4.68 (1.03) | 4.67 (0.94) |
| cold | 4.60 (1.36) | 4.60 (1.28) | 4.28 (1.36) | 4.43 (1.33) |
| creative | 4.57 (1.26) | 4.68 (1.17) | 4.56 (1.30) | 4.65 (1.32) |
| curious | 5.00 (0.89) | 5.10 (0.79) | 4.98 (0.98) | 4.97 (1.00) |
| friendly | 4.95 (1.01) | 4.90 (1.03) | 4.75 (1.05) | 4.90 (1.03) |
| hardworking | 4.86 (1.08) | 4.95 (1.02) | 4.76 (1.18) | 4.76 (1.20) |
| helpful | 4.98 (0.94) | 4.98 (0.98) | 4.92 (0.94) | 4.95 (1.02) |
| imaginative | 4.71 (1.21) | 4.96 (1.04) | 4.77 (1.22) | 4.85 (1.21) |
| impulsive | 3.96 (1.36) | 3.92 (1.43) | 4.05 (1.34) | 3.98 (1.38) |
| intelligent | 5.14 (0.88) | 5.08 (0.84) | 5.04 (0.87) | 5.02 (0.94) |
| lively | 4.05 (1.26) | 3.98 (1.26) | 3.83 (1.33) | 3.88 (1.26) |
| moody | 3.81 (1.50) | 3.75 (1.43) | 3.59 (1.42) | 3.73 (1.48) |
| nervous | 3.53 (1.60) | 3.44 (1.60) | 3.19 (1.52) | 3.15 (1.60) |
| organized | 4.27 (1.35) | 4.26 (1.41) | 4.24 (1.40) | 4.37 (1.30) |
| outgoing | 3.36 (1.60) | 3.35 (1.59) | 3.18 (1.52) | 3.26 (1.52) |
| quiet | 2.61 (1.37) | 2.69 (1.48) | 2.64 (1.39) | 2.60 (1.38) |
| reckless | 4.88 (1.13) | 4.77 (1.29) | 4.64 (1.25) | 4.74 (1.25) |
| relaxed | 4.32 (1.15) | 4.24 (1.23) | 4.29 (1.13) | 4.10 (1.25) |
| responsible | 4.97 (1.02) | 4.97 (0.95) | 4.89 (1.09) | 4.84 (1.10) |
| selfdisciplined | 4.62 (1.22) | 4.59 (1.21) | 4.44 (1.28) | 4.51 (1.22) |
| shy | 3.24 (1.63) | 3.13 (1.59) | 3.10 (1.52) | 2.98 (1.50) |
| softhearted | 4.64 (1.24) | 4.76 (1.11) | 4.62 (1.15) | 4.70 (1.26) |
| sophisticated | 3.77 (1.34) | 3.85 (1.27) | 3.75 (1.25) | 3.77 (1.29) |
| sympathetic | 4.90 (1.05) | 4.93 (1.06) | 4.73 (1.05) | 4.89 (1.03) |
| talkative | 3.40 (1.54) | 3.51 (1.50) | 3.46 (1.53) | 3.41 (1.58) |
| thorough | 4.74 (1.03) | 4.79 (0.96) | 4.73 (0.93) | 4.73 (1.07) |
| thrifty | 4.43 (1.28) | 4.24 (1.27) | 4.41 (1.31) | 4.52 (1.17) |
| uncreative | 4.77 (1.35) | 4.91 (1.21) | 4.72 (1.37) | 4.89 (1.33) |
| unintellectual | 5.29 (0.95) | 5.26 (0.98) | 5.06 (1.07) | 5.17 (1.05) |
| unsympathetic | 4.92 (1.24) | 5.09 (1.08) | 4.77 (1.29) | 4.91 (1.23) |
| warm | 4.78 (1.06) | 4.72 (1.12) | 4.56 (1.10) | 4.67 (1.14) |
| worrying | 3.29 (1.57) | 3.18 (1.63) | 3.05 (1.51) | 3.02 (1.58) |
See Table 3 for the descriptive statistics of each item and format in Block 2 (Time 1).
| item | Adjective Only | Am Adjective | Tend to be Adjective | Am someone who tends to be Adjective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| active | 4.14 (1.20) | 4.05 (1.41) | 4.07 (1.25) | 3.95 (1.43) |
| adventurous | 4.04 (1.30) | 4.03 (1.41) | 4.00 (1.31) | 4.00 (1.44) |
| broadminded | 4.53 (1.17) | 4.81 (1.14) | 4.81 (0.99) | 4.59 (1.17) |
| calm | 4.58 (1.02) | 4.49 (1.15) | 4.50 (1.23) | 4.35 (1.33) |
| careless | 4.55 (1.26) | 4.68 (1.32) | 4.62 (1.29) | 4.59 (1.34) |
| caring | 4.87 (1.04) | 4.99 (1.07) | 4.91 (1.04) | 4.91 (1.14) |
| cautious | 4.65 (0.96) | 4.60 (0.98) | 4.58 (1.06) | 4.70 (1.02) |
| cold | 4.62 (1.33) | 4.35 (1.44) | 4.60 (1.36) | 4.62 (1.40) |
| creative | 4.69 (1.25) | 4.67 (1.26) | 4.66 (1.23) | 4.74 (1.27) |
| curious | 4.96 (0.87) | 5.00 (0.90) | 5.03 (0.96) | 4.90 (1.02) |
| friendly | 4.74 (1.06) | 4.89 (1.02) | 4.90 (0.98) | 4.93 (1.05) |
| hardworking | 4.86 (1.14) | 4.87 (1.16) | 4.77 (1.18) | 4.80 (1.16) |
| helpful | 4.97 (0.95) | 5.08 (0.94) | 4.98 (0.97) | 4.95 (1.01) |
| imaginative | 4.82 (1.23) | 4.74 (1.14) | 4.80 (1.25) | 4.87 (1.17) |
| impulsive | 3.95 (1.46) | 4.15 (1.34) | 4.13 (1.36) | 4.25 (1.49) |
| intelligent | 5.02 (0.96) | 4.99 (0.86) | 5.06 (1.01) | 5.17 (0.98) |
| lively | 3.87 (1.31) | 3.98 (1.30) | 3.78 (1.35) | 3.85 (1.27) |
| moody | 3.70 (1.51) | 3.71 (1.50) | 3.76 (1.55) | 3.80 (1.51) |
| nervous | 3.39 (1.61) | 3.21 (1.60) | 3.36 (1.61) | 3.30 (1.55) |
| organized | 4.36 (1.30) | 4.40 (1.32) | 4.45 (1.31) | 4.34 (1.39) |
| outgoing | 3.47 (1.63) | 3.54 (1.61) | 3.31 (1.59) | 3.36 (1.65) |
| quiet | 2.65 (1.39) | 2.62 (1.43) | 2.73 (1.35) | 2.76 (1.46) |
| reckless | 4.79 (1.21) | 4.75 (1.36) | 4.56 (1.40) | 4.90 (1.23) |
| relaxed | 4.35 (1.17) | 4.35 (1.14) | 4.09 (1.29) | 4.17 (1.30) |
| responsible | 4.94 (1.03) | 4.89 (1.08) | 4.95 (0.97) | 4.72 (1.19) |
| selfdisciplined | 4.67 (1.19) | 4.63 (1.21) | 4.58 (1.22) | 4.49 (1.26) |
| shy | 3.07 (1.59) | 3.16 (1.59) | 3.12 (1.59) | 3.05 (1.61) |
| softhearted | 4.74 (1.16) | 4.74 (1.14) | 4.71 (1.22) | 4.74 (1.16) |
| sophisticated | 3.81 (1.32) | 3.89 (1.36) | 3.88 (1.40) | 3.76 (1.32) |
| sympathetic | 4.82 (1.02) | 4.84 (1.14) | 4.84 (1.13) | 4.91 (1.05) |
| talkative | 3.37 (1.60) | 3.56 (1.53) | 3.40 (1.48) | 3.39 (1.59) |
| thorough | 4.85 (1.03) | 4.73 (1.04) | 4.72 (1.05) | 4.73 (0.94) |
| thrifty | 4.47 (1.28) | 4.46 (1.32) | 4.41 (1.26) | 4.36 (1.31) |
| uncreative | 4.84 (1.25) | 4.80 (1.34) | 4.78 (1.39) | 4.89 (1.37) |
| unintellectual | 5.21 (1.05) | 5.20 (1.03) | 5.23 (1.07) | 5.09 (1.17) |
| unsympathetic | 4.96 (1.21) | 4.92 (1.15) | 4.98 (1.18) | 4.86 (1.26) |
| warm | 4.71 (1.09) | 4.71 (1.17) | 4.69 (1.11) | 4.64 (1.12) |
| worrying | 3.21 (1.49) | 3.31 (1.59) | 3.45 (1.71) | 3.08 (1.62) |
See Table 4 for the descriptive statistics of each item and format in Block 3 (Time 2).
| item | Adjective Only | Am Adjective | Tend to be Adjective | Am someone who tends to be Adjective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| active | 4.14 (1.20) | 4.05 (1.41) | 4.07 (1.25) | 3.95 (1.43) |
| adventurous | 4.04 (1.30) | 4.03 (1.41) | 4.00 (1.31) | 4.00 (1.44) |
| broadminded | 4.53 (1.17) | 4.81 (1.14) | 4.81 (0.99) | 4.59 (1.17) |
| calm | 4.58 (1.02) | 4.49 (1.15) | 4.50 (1.23) | 4.35 (1.33) |
| careless | 4.55 (1.26) | 4.68 (1.32) | 4.62 (1.29) | 4.59 (1.34) |
| caring | 4.87 (1.04) | 4.99 (1.07) | 4.91 (1.04) | 4.91 (1.14) |
| cautious | 4.65 (0.96) | 4.60 (0.98) | 4.58 (1.06) | 4.70 (1.02) |
| cold | 4.62 (1.33) | 4.35 (1.44) | 4.60 (1.36) | 4.62 (1.40) |
| creative | 4.69 (1.25) | 4.67 (1.26) | 4.66 (1.23) | 4.74 (1.27) |
| curious | 4.96 (0.87) | 5.00 (0.90) | 5.03 (0.96) | 4.90 (1.02) |
| friendly | 4.74 (1.06) | 4.89 (1.02) | 4.90 (0.98) | 4.93 (1.05) |
| hardworking | 4.86 (1.14) | 4.87 (1.16) | 4.77 (1.18) | 4.80 (1.16) |
| helpful | 4.97 (0.95) | 5.08 (0.94) | 4.98 (0.97) | 4.95 (1.01) |
| imaginative | 4.82 (1.23) | 4.74 (1.14) | 4.80 (1.25) | 4.87 (1.17) |
| impulsive | 3.95 (1.46) | 4.15 (1.34) | 4.13 (1.36) | 4.25 (1.49) |
| intelligent | 5.02 (0.96) | 4.99 (0.86) | 5.06 (1.01) | 5.17 (0.98) |
| lively | 3.87 (1.31) | 3.98 (1.30) | 3.78 (1.35) | 3.85 (1.27) |
| moody | 3.70 (1.51) | 3.71 (1.50) | 3.76 (1.55) | 3.80 (1.51) |
| nervous | 3.39 (1.61) | 3.21 (1.60) | 3.36 (1.61) | 3.30 (1.55) |
| organized | 4.36 (1.30) | 4.40 (1.32) | 4.45 (1.31) | 4.34 (1.39) |
| outgoing | 3.47 (1.63) | 3.54 (1.61) | 3.31 (1.59) | 3.36 (1.65) |
| quiet | 2.65 (1.39) | 2.62 (1.43) | 2.73 (1.35) | 2.76 (1.46) |
| reckless | 4.79 (1.21) | 4.75 (1.36) | 4.56 (1.40) | 4.90 (1.23) |
| relaxed | 4.35 (1.17) | 4.35 (1.14) | 4.09 (1.29) | 4.17 (1.30) |
| responsible | 4.94 (1.03) | 4.89 (1.08) | 4.95 (0.97) | 4.72 (1.19) |
| selfdisciplined | 4.67 (1.19) | 4.63 (1.21) | 4.58 (1.22) | 4.49 (1.26) |
| shy | 3.07 (1.59) | 3.16 (1.59) | 3.12 (1.59) | 3.05 (1.61) |
| softhearted | 4.74 (1.16) | 4.74 (1.14) | 4.71 (1.22) | 4.74 (1.16) |
| sophisticated | 3.81 (1.32) | 3.89 (1.36) | 3.88 (1.40) | 3.76 (1.32) |
| sympathetic | 4.82 (1.02) | 4.84 (1.14) | 4.84 (1.13) | 4.91 (1.05) |
| talkative | 3.37 (1.60) | 3.56 (1.53) | 3.40 (1.48) | 3.39 (1.59) |
| thorough | 4.85 (1.03) | 4.73 (1.04) | 4.72 (1.05) | 4.73 (0.94) |
| thrifty | 4.47 (1.28) | 4.46 (1.32) | 4.41 (1.26) | 4.36 (1.31) |
| uncreative | 4.84 (1.25) | 4.80 (1.34) | 4.78 (1.39) | 4.89 (1.37) |
| unintellectual | 5.21 (1.05) | 5.20 (1.03) | 5.23 (1.07) | 5.09 (1.17) |
| unsympathetic | 4.96 (1.21) | 4.92 (1.15) | 4.98 (1.18) | 4.86 (1.26) |
| warm | 4.71 (1.09) | 4.71 (1.17) | 4.69 (1.11) | 4.64 (1.12) |
| worrying | 3.21 (1.49) | 3.31 (1.59) | 3.45 (1.71) | 3.08 (1.62) |
0.3 Response by format
In Table 5 we show the proportion of participants within condition who gave a specific response. Note that we only use blocks 1 and 2, as these are the blocks used for the primary analyses (expected response, extreme responding, and yea-saying).
items_df %>%
filter(block %in% c(1,2)) %>%
filter(!(item %in% bfmm)) %>%
count(format, response) %>%
with_groups(format,
mutate,
percent = n/sum(n)*100) %>%
select(-n) %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = format, values_from = percent) %>%
kable(digits = 2,
booktabs = T,
caption = "Proportion (out of 100) of response within condition by resposne option. These are calculated using Blocks 1 and 2.") %>%
kable_styling()| response | Adjective Only | Am Adjective | Tend to be Adjective | Am someone who tends to be Adjective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.66 | 3.90 | 3.99 | 4.34 |
| 2 | 6.63 | 6.46 | 7.24 | 7.09 |
| 3 | 12.29 | 11.58 | 12.14 | 12.27 |
| 4 | 22.30 | 22.87 | 23.56 | 22.41 |
| 5 | 31.67 | 30.95 | 30.58 | 29.98 |
| 6 | 23.44 | 24.23 | 22.49 | 23.91 |